Wood Diversity and Regeneration in Post-Industrial Landscape: Case Study from Selected Locations

Abstract

Dendrological research investigating the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors on the dendroflora was carried out at six post-mining sites: the “Halda Ema” mine dump, part of the Terezie tailings, the slopes of the Petr Bezruč mine dump, the Mokroš wastepond, the Darkov Sea area and surroundings of Loucké ponds (Ostrava and Karviná regions). The reference area was a mixed deciduous forest in the Landek NNM in Ostrava. Our research findings confirm that anthropogenic and natural factors have a significant influence on the distribution and composition of woody flora in post-industrial sites. We noted significant differences in biodiversity between reclaimed areas and naturally regenerating areas, which points to the need for targeted management and conservation strategies to support the sustainable restoration of these landscapes. The highest levels of biodiversity were found at the "Halda Ema" mine dump, suggesting that site-specific characteristics are key to supporting species diversity. The results underline the importance of long-term monitoring and analysis of the influences that shape the woody flora in these areas, and emphasize the need to integrate ecological, social and economic aspects into the regeneration process. Variability in the biodiversity of woody plants between individual locations was revealed, with the greatest diversity at the "Halda Ema” dump and part of the Terezie tailings. Our study also reveals a higher prevalence of native plant species over invasive species in most of the monitored sites, which may reflect favorable ecological conditions or effective management strategies that prevent the spread of invasive species. These patterns, which agree with previous studies, suggest that ecological factors including habitat preference and human influence play a critical role in plant community dynamics. These findings expand our understanding of the process of landfill succession and the factors influencing biodiversity, reinforcing the importance of an integrated approach in ecological and environmental research to inform conservation and management practices.